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This
new program encouraged Lions to address all youth issues.
As caring adults, Lions can influence youth against engaging
in risky behaviors such as drug abuse, alcohol abuse, tobacco
abuse, early sexual activity, and street gang involvement.
In 2002,
Lions Clubs International Foundation (LCIF) assumed ownership
of Lions-Quest.
Current
youth issues include:
AIDS:
(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). An estimated 11.7 million
children and young people are living with HIV/AIDS. In sub-Saharn
Africa, 70% of young people have HIV/AIDS. This region also
has 90% of the AIDS orphans in the world--12 million children.
Alcohol
is a factor in the deaths of one fourth of 15 to 29-year-old
males in Europe, according to the World Health Organization
(WHO).
Alcohol
is the world's most widely used mind-altering drug. A central
nervous system depressant, alcohol creates a state of euphoria.
It reduces mental alertness and impairs body coordination
when consumed in large amounts. Alcohol is associated with
brain deterioration, liver cirrhosis, heart damage, traffic
accidents, violent crimes, lost work productivity, and adverse
family relations.
Changing
Family Demographics affects both society in general and
children in particular.
In some
cultures, it is common for generations of extended family
members to live together. In other cultures, children move
out of the family home upon attaining adulthood. Changes in
these social patterns affect the family unit.
Factors
which influence the family unit include: economics, war, natural
disasters, disease, substance abuse, physical abuse, changes
in socially acceptable behavior (e.g., single parenting) and
divorce.
Child
Abuse includes (according to the US National Committee
to Prevent Child Abuse): neglect (54% of US cases in 1997),
physical abuse (22% of US cases in 1997), sexual abuse (8%
of US cases in 1997), emotional maltreatment (4% of US cases
in 1997) and all other forms of maltreatment (12% of US cases
in 1997) of a child under age 18 by any person responsible
for the child's care.
UNICEF
(United Nations Children's Fund) reports that child abuse
is prevalent all over the world although they are rarely acknowledged
in developing countries. Emotional abuse usually coexists
with other forms of child abuse.
Drug
abuse is a youth issue in most cultures. Children between
the age of eight and 20 often inhale volatile solvents. Young
adults, between the ages of 16 and 35, are the main users
of marijuana and psychotropic substances. Users of cocaine
and heroin are usually between the ages of 20 and 35. These
age groups are consistent throughout out the world.
The most
widely abused drug in the world is cannabis (marijuana), according
to a 2001 report by the United Nations Office of Drug Control
and Crime Prevention (UNDCP). The average age for first marijuana
use is 12.
UNDCP
also reports a global increase in the use of synthetic drugs,
especially speed and Ecstasy, which are amphetamine-type stimulants
(ATS). Introduced in the 1980s, ATS are the recreational drug
of choice among young people in the industrialized world.
ATS are often taken in combination with cannabis.
Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) occurs as a result of significant,
direct alcohol intake by a mother to her fetus. Babies born
with FAS tend to weigh less and to be shorter in length than
other babies. Additional FAS indicators include: smaller heads,
deformed facial features, abnormal joints and limbs, poor
coordination, learning problems, and short memories.
FAS causes
permanent mental impairments and hyperactivity. FAS is a leading
cause of mental retardation.
Gangs
create a sense of family for youth from dysfunctional
homes. Reasons for joining street gangs include: gaining a
sense of identity, recognition, discipline, love, belonging,
and money.
Previously,
gangs were formed to serve as protectors of a particular region
of a neighborhood. In the 1990s, gangs changed to become sellers
of illegal drugs, car thieves, and robbers. Gang membership
today usually includes violence, gunfire, graffiti, and drug
use.
Illiteracy
affects millions of people all over the world. Statistics
from the World Bank reveal that in 2001, the country of Niger
had a 92% illiteracy rate, Burkina Faso had an 87% illiteracy
rate, Guinea-Bissau had an 82% illiteracy rate, and Afghanistan
had an 80% illiteracy rate.
Defined
as someone who lacks a fourth grade education, women in developing
countries are the largest group of illiterates. About 20%
of people age 15 and over who live in developed countries
are also functionally illiterate.
Malnutrition
and eating disorders, affect millions of young people
worldwide. The UN estimates that there are 790 million chronically
hungry people in the world. Micronutrient deficiency, such
as Vitamin A deficiency, affects 100 million children in the
world. More than two billion people in the world (mostly women
and children) are iron deficient.
In Canada,
eating disorders are the third most common chronic illness
among adolescent females. Eating disorders (including anorexia
and bulimia), are voluntary methods of attempting to maintain
a minimal body weight.
Poverty
affects the health, nutrition, employment, literacy, housing,
sanitation, and safety of children. It is the outstanding
economic and social problem in the world today.
In 2000,
220 million people in Africa lived in extreme poverty. Defined
as living on less that one US dollar per day, there are more
than 1.3 billion people in the world who live in extreme poverty,
according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
Psychological
disorders affecting young adults include depression and
teen suicide. Common symptoms of teen depression include:
unhappiness, feelings of isolation, loss of appetite, hopelessness,
apathy, withdrawal, tears, and sleeplessness.
Risk factors
for adolescent depression include: a family history of depression,
stress, cigarette smoking, the loss of a parent or loved one,
the dissolution of a romantic relationship, an attentional,
conduct or learning disorder, a chronic illness, abuse or
neglect, or other trauma such as surviving a natural disaster.
Underlying
causes of teen suicide include: economic depression, social
isolation, hopelessness, alcohol, drug use, stress, life crises,
and the breakdown of the family unit, including divorce.
Sexual
activity, teen pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases,
AIDS, are issues that affect youth worldwide.
Tobacco
users are usually addicted to smoking or chewing tobacco by
age 20. Sixteen is an average age for first tobacco use.
Worldwide,
four million people die every year due to tobacco use, according
to WHO. About 80,000 to 100,000 young people become regular
long-term smokers every day. Most of these young people live
in developing countries. Non-smokers are at-risk of developing
lung cancer from inhaling tobacco smoke.
Violence,
including the use of weapons, frequently coincides with drug
abuse and gang activity. Poverty and a lack of employment
opportunities are often the impetus for violent behavior.
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